Punchy Kick Drum

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EQ is the least significant factor here. What really matters is dynamic range of the kick. Use transient shapers and expander to add edge and only THEN try to compress.
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Sorry, Warmonger, nice if transient shapers, expander and compression (which sounds a bit weird, as those 3 effects have partly overlapping and party opposing functions) work for you, but EQ can be a very significant factor.
Keeping in mind that a pitch or filter sweep on a sine or triangle wave is very often a key ingredient of an electronic bass drum an EQ cut will in some cases even have a similar effect to a transient shaper.
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Some of the tips here are good and some are a bit off. The keys are EQ'ing, compressing and transient shaping as has been mentioned. But there's some other stuff that's important as well.

I look at it like this. This is assuming that I'm taking some run of the mill kick sample

-You want to have a big boost in the EQ somewheree between 50-100hz. That's what gives you that thumpy sound.

-I usually lower the mids because they are not very necessary.

-A put a high shelf boost at around 3k to boost the highs.

-I generally send some parallel compression off for the highs and lows.

-Punch just means short so a transient shaper can do that. but, if you are dealing with samples in Ableton, you can simply shorten the sample with warping which is exactly that transient shaping does anyway.

-Limiting and compressing should be used sparingly because the attack/release can take away from the punchiness. But, you should shave some off the top of the sample so that you're getting it as loud as possible.

Here is a tutorial I put together where I actually create punchy kicks from scratch:
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dkp4YYg2eUw

Here are some example I made using this technique:
http://www.syncretia.com/Downloads/Kicks.zip

For good measure, here is a technique for manually compressing a sample without any of the artefacts from the attack/release of the compressor.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UVjPiVurk8A

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