Does anyone know of any sampler that on every note, keeps playing the sample from the part where was last at?
For example, you could do this with MadTracker with the 03 (glide) command and cut the note using volume changes, 80 (max) and 00 (mute). I can achieve this using overlapping notes in the piano roll and glide enabled, and then a tempo-synced gate on the fx track (e.g. CamelSpace), but it is a bit "weird". Any other ideas to get this more "directly" so that I can completely get rid of trackers from my PC?

edit: wrong section I guess, should have posted in the production techniques maybe, thought to just ask here for any software sampler with that capability...

Kontakt can do this.

Currently, as I already stated, I'm using Kontakt with the Unisono-Portamento script to glide and and a gate effect in the chain. How can I do this without exclusively gliding (i.e. have short non-overlapping notes but each one with different sample start)? I also tried to modulate the sample start via midi CC and automate that, but to no avail.

Set the Unisono-Portamento script to Offset mode, that will help. You can disable portamento for this, it will still work.

However, you must put the instrument to Sampler mode, modulation of sample start works only on the samples (or attack portions of samples) that are actually loaded in the RAM.

Thanks