Boosts and overdrives are meant to drive amps (but can of course be used for colour). How they interact with your audio interface's pre-amps depends on the latter, I suppose.
There are pedals that (can) emulate (pre-)amps:
- you mention JFET.
AMT (Russian though, so you may have ethical objections - OTOH the cheap Ruble makes 'em cheap at Amazon) has a range of pedals that has been around for 10 years or so, that are well liked: the Legend 1 and Legend 2 Amp series (the former has a "F1" Fender - I really like it).
Downside: my F1 has a switch for either +4dB, or -10dB with somewhat outdated CAB sim (it also has an effect loop BTW).
- AMT also has pedals with real tubes, with a high enough internal voltage to make that more than a silly gimmick. E.g. the Bricks series is cheap and nano-sized, but I'm not sure if they sound as good as the old JFET range. They, too have an OD/pre-amp switch.
- Two Notes Le Preamp Series, and its successor Revolt, offer XLR balanced output.
- Lauren Audio and JHS have overdrives/preamps based on Neve pre-amps.
- there are lots of pedals emulating amps using IR, if that's your thing the new generation is well received (Strymon, UAFX, tc electronic).
- there are lots of pre-amp pedals for electro-acoustic guitar specifically .