It depends on the type of vocoding. Most of the time, when people say "vocoder", they're referring to a channel vocoder, which is usually what's used for that robot-voice sound. A channel vocoder is not a spectral processor, as it does not work in the frequency domain. Rather, it's a series of bandpass filters on the input signal that have their amplitude monitored in order to control the amplitude of another series of bandpass filters on the output signal.deastman wrote: Its called a vocoder.
A phase vocoder is spectral, and does the same basic thing as a channel vocoder, only with the FFT. However, phase vocoding is not used nearly as often...


