Windows audio feedback loop

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I rarely set my volume above 50 but when watching a movie I often go to about 60 or 70 and found that there was an echo. This went on for some time.

Then yesterday I set up my new SP-404 Mk2 via USB, but had volume on it turned down to zero. Wanting to use it only as a midi pad controller. Turning up the volume with no trigger or sounds playing caused a massive feedback loop that escalated wildly the more the volume was increased.

I did find the cause. It was because both the Line In and Stereo Mix inputs were both enabled. And nothing to do with the SP-404 or my daw. Bloody windows again! :x

As you can see the issue is resolved. My question is more about understanding why this happens? In the 20 years of owning a pc and being quite knowledgeable as far as tech goes, I have always been at a loss to understanding what the difference is between line in and stereo mix inputs. If stereo mix was an output, I could understand, almost, seeing as its mixing various apps sound to a stereo output. But even that doesn't make sense when you have other options that do the same.

So what exactly is the purpose of stereo mix input? And why the hell does it cause a massive feedback loop with line in? If I could find a diagram I could wrap my head round it easy, but not seeing how it works is like mixing without speakers! :o

Should I use stereo mix or line in to record incoming audio? Does it matter?

Can anyone enlighten me on this please? Thanks... :tu:

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soundcard type? ASIO? or are you talking onboard audio?
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Oh sorry, just on board. Thanks.

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I think stereo mix allows you to hear everything whether its the main sound or also a feedback loop. It's been a while since I had stereo mix, I'm on win 11 now.
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I think "stereo mix" is what formerly was known as "record what you hear". As that name implies, this input source can be used to record whatever sound is played by your computer (eg a YouTube video)

If any recording software has "recording monitoring" enabled (in other words, you get at the output what the software gets at its input) that is good to hear what's being recorded. But when it also records what you hear, then you have a feedback loop, just as you experienced.
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OK yeah I get it. Thanks for explaining. Sorry should've mentioned I'm on windows 11!

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I had something similar and it was because the computer microphone was active.

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That was my first thought, but I don't have one lol

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